NGĀ KAIMĀTAO MINERA, NGĀ KAIMĀTAO TĀTARI, ME NGĀ KAIMĀTAO WHAKAMAROKE
Ko ngā tātari ngota he konganuku aluminosilicates tioata, he whatunga honohono toru-ahu o te silica me te alumina tetrahedra. Ka tangohia te wai maori o te wai mai i tēnei whatunga mā te whakamahana kia puta ai he kōhao ōrite e mimiti ana i ngā ngota o tētahi rahi motuhake.
Ko te tātari 4 ki te 8-mata te tikanga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi hau-āhua, ko te momo 8 ki te 12-mata te mea noa i roto i ngā mahi wai-āhua. Ko ngā momo paura o ngā tātari 3A, 4A, 5A me te 13X he pai mō ngā mahi motuhake.
Kua roa e mōhiotia ana mō tōna kaha ki te whakamaroke (tae atu ki te 90 °C), kua whakaatuhia e ngā tātari ngota ngā whai huatanga i roto i ngā tikanga rauropi hangai, e āhei ai te wehe i ngā hua e hiahiatia ana mai i ngā tauhohenga whakapūpū e whakahaerehia ana e te taurite kāore i te pai. Kua whakaaturia e ēnei zeolite hangai te tango i te wai, i ngā waipiro (tae atu ki te methanol me te ethanol), me te HCl mai i ngā pūnaha pēnei i te ketimine me te enamine syntheses, ngā whakapūpū ester, me te hurihanga o ngā aldehydes kāore i te mākū ki ngā polyenals.
| Momo | 3A |
| Te hanganga | 0.6 K2O: 0.40 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1SiO2: x H2O |
| Whakaahuatanga | Ka hangaia te āhua 3A mā te whakakapi i ngā kationa pāhare pākawa mō ngā katote konutai o roto o te hanganga 4A, ka whakaitihia te rahi o te pūwero whai hua ki ~3Å, engari kāore e tāpirihia te diameter >3Å, hei tauira, te ethane. |
| Ngā tono matua | Te whakamaroketanga arumoni o ngā awa waikura kore-mākū, tae atu ki te hau pakaru, te propylene, te butadiene, te acetylene; te whakamaroke i ngā wai pūmau pērā i te methanol me te ethanol. Te mimiti o ngā ngota pērā i te NH3 me te H2O mai i te rere N2/H2. E whakaarohia ana he kaihoko whakamaroke whānui i roto i ngā pāpāho pūmau me te kore-pūmau. |
| Momo | 4A |
| Te hanganga | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2 : x H2O |
| Whakaahuatanga | Ko tēnei āhua konutai te whānau momo A o ngā tātari ngota. Ko te whakatuwheratanga o ngā pūwero whai hua he 4Å, nō reira kāore e whakaurua ngā ngota he whānui whai hua >4Å, hei tauira, te propane. |
| Ngā tono matua | He pai ake mō te whakamaroketanga pūmau i roto i ngā pūnaha wai, hau rānei kua kati, hei tauira, i roto i te takai o ngā rongoā, ngā wāhanga hiko me ngā matū pirau; te tango wai i roto i ngā pūnaha tā me te kirihou me te whakamaroke i ngā awa warowaihā kua mākū. Ko ngā momo e mimitihia ana ko te SO2, te CO2, te H2S, te C2H4, te C2H6, me te C3H6. E kiia ana he kaihoko whakamaroke whānui i roto i ngā pāpāho polar me te kore-polar. |
| Momo | 5A |
| Te hanganga | 0.80 CaO : 0.20 Na2O : 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2: x H2O |
| Whakaahuatanga | Ko ngā katote konupūmā takirua hei whakakapi i ngā katione konutai ka puta he āputa o te ~5Å e kore ai e whakaurua ngā ngota ngota he diameter whai hua >5Å, hei tauira, ngā mowhiti waro-4 katoa, me ngā pūhui-iso. |
| Ngā tono matua | Te wehenga o ngā paraffin noa mai i ngā warowaihā mekameka-manga me ngā warowaihā porowhita; te tango i te H2S, te CO2 me ngā mercaptan mai i te hau māori. Ko ngā ngota i mimitihia ko te nC4H10, nC4H9OH, C3H8 ki te C22H46, me te dichlorodifluoro-methane (Freon 12®). |
| Momo | 13X |
| Te hanganga | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3 : 2.8 ± 0.2 SiO2 : xH2O |
| Whakaahuatanga | Ko te āhua konutai te hanganga taketake o te whānau momo X, me te whakatuwheratanga o ngā pūwero whai hua i te awhe 910¼. Hei tauira, kāore e mimiti i te (C4F9)3N. |
| Ngā tono matua | Te whakamaroke hau arumoni, te purenga whāngai hau (te tango i te H2O me te CO2 i te wā kotahi) me te whakareka i te hauwaiwai wai/hau māori (te tango i te H2S me te mercaptan). |
Wā tuku: Pipiri-16-2023
